명사(형용사·부사)
modifier (수식어)
- 형용사
- He is a man.
- He is a young[healthy / handsome / wise / married / ...] man.
- He is a man.
- 부사
- He runs.
- He runs in the morning[in the park / fast / for thirty minutes / every day / ...].
- He runs.
형용사
- This book is interesting. (서술적 용법)
- This is an interesting book. (한정적 용법)
- time vs. a good time
- book (막연함)
- a book (아무 책, 의미 한정, 한정사)
- an interesting book (재미있는 책, 의미 한정, 형용사)
- He has two sons who are doctors. (제한적 용법, 선행사를 수식)
- He has two sons, who are doctors. (계속적 용법, 선행사를 설명)
형용사 용법
- 서술적 용법
- Ryan = healthy
- Ryan is healthy.
- Ryan seems[appears] healthy.
- Ryan stays[remains] healthy.
- Ryan becomes[gets] healthy.
- she = sexy
- She is sexy.
- She looks sexy.
- She sounds sexy.
- She talks sexy.
- She walks sexy.
- She dresses sexy.
-
They looked happily at each other.
- A: The dog smells good. (link)
- dog = good
- B: The dog smells well. (not link)
- Ryan = healthy
한정적 용법
- I saw a familiar face at the next table.
- It turned out to be a fatal mistake.
- Buying a used car takes time and research.
-
Some may think this is an impossible mission.
- 항상 형용사가 명사 앞에 위치하는 것은 아님
- a mission impossible
- 사람들의 관심을 환기시키는 효과
- 김봉두 선생 vs. 선생 김봉두
- ’~ General’
- ‘특정 하나가 아닌, 전체와 관련 있는’
- 총괄
- Secretary General (of the United Nations)
- Director General (of the WHO)
- Surgeon General
- Attorney General
- something / anything / nothing
- I need something new.
- There is nothing wrong with that.
- I had a feeling that she would be someone special in my life.
- Nobody present knew the answer.
- 분사
- In this poll, 50 percent of those surveyed said they disapproved of Bush’s Iraq policy.
- There’s a strong correlation between time spent playing games and childhood obesity.
- to부정사
- This is a difficult question to answer.
- With less than five minutes to play, he scored his second goal of the game.
명사 앞에서만 수식하는 형용사들
- a live fish
- Ryan is an old friend of mine.
- That’s a nice little house.
- They were mere puppets.
명사를 설명만 해주는 형용사들
- a-
- He was asleep when I arrived.
- She was afraid to go out of the house.
- I was all alone in the house.
- They are very much alike.
- Ryan’s been ill recently, but he’s looking verry well now.
원급·비교급·최상급
- He is tall.
- He is as tall as you.
- He is taller than you.
-
He is the tallest boy in the class.
- Women are not as tall and as strong. They don’t have as much upper body strength.
- as tall as men, as strong as men, as much upper body strength as men
- Store brands can sell anywhere from 25 percent to 50 percent less than a comparable national brand. But are the store brands as good?
- as good as national brands
- My brother speaks three languages, and I speak as many languages.
- as many languages as he does
부사
- 동사와 형용사를, 때로는 부사를 꾸며줌 (부가적인 요소)
- I don’t remember him very well.
- It’s terribly cold today.
- They’re running anusually fast.
- They were fighting that night.
- I didn’t go for that reason.
- I was shocked when I first saw you.
- If you agree, I’ll go with him.
부사 vs. 전치사
- 전치사일 때는 뒤에 무언가가 같이 나옴
- 전치사, 말 그대로 앞에 놓이는 말
- He is in his office.
- A man came down the stairs.
- 전치사, 말 그대로 앞에 놓이는 말
- 전치사가 부사로 사용될 경우
- You can go in.
- Sit down.
- on (접촉의 느낌)
- I left the letter on the desk.
- I put on my coat and went to work.
- I’ve put on a bit of weight and I should stay off the doughnuts.
- He was standing there with nothing on.
- I don’t remember what he had on.
- If you like that dress, you can try it on.
- He turned on the radio.
- Could you hold on for a minute? I’ve got another call.
- hands-on experience
- 본인 손으로 직접 체험
- an on-ramp
- ramp와 연결되는 길
- on-the-job training
- job과 접촉된 상태에서의 교육
- on (계속)
- The meeting went on for over four hours.
- Life goes on.
- I just want to get on with my life.
- We intend to carry on as usual.
- Dream on, It’s not going to happen.
- 계속 꿈이나 꿔~ …
- Talks have dragged on for over a year.
- It could go on and on and on.
- All the lights were on.
- Reference:
- 오성호. (2006). Again! 뒤집어본 영문법. 김영사.
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