분사

형용사의 용법

• 분사는 동사를 형용사로 쓰기 위해 사용
• 현재분사는 ‘-ing’, 과거분사는 ‘p.p.’

자동사의 분사

• 의미는 ‘진행’ 또는 ‘완료’ 두 가지 중 하나
  • -ing: ‘진행’
    • falling leaves
    • a developing country
  • p.p.: ‘완료’
    • fallen leaves
    • a developed country

타동사의 분사

• “~을”에 해당하는 목적어를 갖는 형태

  excite: make somebody feel happy
  bore: make somebody feel impatient
  interest: make somebody want to know about something
  move: mkae somebody feel something, especially tender feelings
  

• 어떤 명사가 그 동작을 행하는 주체(능동적): -ing
  • He is boring.
  • The news was surprising.
  • The movie was boring.
  • The novel was moving.
  • The girl was surprising.
• 어떤 명사가 그 동작을 당하는 객체(수동적): p.p.
  • He is bored.
  • The news surprised the people.
  • The people were surprised.
  • The movie bored me.
  • I was bored.
  • The novel moved him.
  • He was moved.
  • The girl surprised the people.
  • The people was surprised.

수동태

‘be동사 + 자동사p.p.’

• 수동태로 보지 말고, 하나의 형용사로 간주
  • She’s gone.

‘be동사 + 타동사p.p.’

• 주어가 동작을 당하는 객체
  • I was shocked by the news.
  • The book was written in the 19th century.
  • His story is known to everybody.
  • I am not interested in how you got the job.

  • I was not surprised at his reaction at all.

  • This house was build in 1980.
    • They built this house in 1980.
  • All the trouble was caused by him.
  • He was given a car.
    • be given: 받다
    • be told: 듣다
    • be taught: 배우다
  • It was believed that he was the right man for the job.
  • I am used to this kind of work.

get

become으로 쓰이는 경우

• I should finish the work before it gets dark.
• I’m getting worried about the exam.
• We’ve just got married.
• You’ll have to get used to your new job.
• Don’t get involved in politics.
• I got involved in politics after I met him.
  • get: 동작 표현 vs. be: 상태 표현
    • He was married when I first met him. (상태)

    • He got married last year. (동작)

    • I’m done (상태)
    • I’ll get the job done. (동작)
• My finger got stuck in the door.
• If you go there alone, you might get killed.
• Let’s get going.
• I should get the job done by tomorrow.
• I’ll get the children ready.
• Ryan got her pregnant.
• I’m done with you.

형용사의 모습

1. 자동사의 분사
2. 타동사의 분사
3. 수동태
4. 형용사의 역할을 하는 분사
   • 명사와의 관계가 -ing일 경우에는 ‘진행, 능동’, p.p.일 경우에는 ‘완료, 수동’
   • 분사와 관계된 명사를 빨리 발견하고, 그 관계를 생각해 문장의 뜻을 이해하는 것이 중요
     • This is quite an interesting book.
     • The 1990s was a lost decade for the Japanese economy.
     • The idea sounds exciting and is worth a try.
     • I was very interested in French.
     • I saw him standing in front of the door.
     • I can make myself understood in English.
       • 주변 사람들이 understand me
     • Ryan had us laughing to tears.
     • I need to get my car repaired as soon as possible.
     • He wanted to visit an English-speaking country outside of Europe.
     • Your post should be relevant to the topic discussed.
     • Those attending will have the opportunity to win a variety of prizes.
   • 형용사(-ing형 또는 p.p.)를 포함한 여러 단어가 명사를 수식할 경우에는 반드시 명사 뒤에 위치해야 함
     • Do you know the girl dancing over there?
     • I was annoyed by the people smoking cigarettes.
     • I was annoyed by the people smoking on the benches.
     • All the organizations invited to the conference will have a chance to present their activities.

분사구문

• When he saw me, he stood up and held out his arms.
  1. When he saw me, he stood up and held out his arms.
     • 접속사 제거
  2. he saw me, he stood up and held out his arms.
     • 두 절의 주어가 같으니 생략
  3. sawSeeing me, he stood up and held out his arms.
     • 두 절의 시제가 같으니 진행형
     • 만약 when 이하 절의 시제가 주절의 시제보다 하나 앞선 시제일 경우, having seen
  • Seeing me, he stood up and held out his arms.
• 분사로 시작하는 구문
  • I don’t know the man standing there.

  • Standing there alone, I realized how lucky I am.

  • A: Who is the woman running over there?
  • B: Some of the people invited to the party were my old friends.
  • C: Finishing the work, I went to bed.
  • D: Frightened by a mouse, she ran into the room.
• 분사구문 문장을 읽을 때 주절의 주어를 기다릴 것
  • Seeing the terrible scene, she fainted.
    • 분사구문의 주어와 주절의 주어가 같을 때, 분사구문의 주어는 생략 가능
  • Surprised at discovering how tall he was, she looked up at him.
    • Surprised 앞에 아무도 없다는 건, ‘주절의 주어’와 관련 있음을 의미
  • = She looked up at him, surprised at discovering how tall he was.
• 분사구문과 주절의 주어가 다를 경우
  • His eyes glistening with tears, he stood up and left without saying anything.
    • be동사 없는 불완전한 분사구문
  • He stood up and left without saying anything, his eyes glistening with tears.
    • 구어체 일반적인 표현 (i), 불완전한 분사구문을 뒤로 옮김
  • He stood up and left without saying anything with his eyes glistening with tears.
    • 구어체 일반적인 표현 (ii), with 사용 (~인 채로)
  • There was a man standing there with his hands tied behind his back.
  • Face forward with your feet positioned shoulder-width apart.
    • with your feet shoulder-width apart. (더 일반적인 표현)
  • “You’re marrying my sister?” Ryan said, with his face turning red.
  • Walking down the street, the store was closed.
    • = Walking down the street, I found that the store was closed.
  • On my way back home that night, I was falling asleep, exhausted by the day’s activities.

  • He sounded tired, saying he loved me and still wanted me as his wife.

  • A: The resort, located near the sea, gets fresh air all year round.
  • B: Located near the sea, the resort gets fresh air all year round.
  • C: The resort get fresh air all year round, located near the sea.

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• Reference:
  • 오성호. (2006). Again! 뒤집어본 영문법. 김영사.