복합시제(미래)

미래표현

• will, 단순현재, be going to, be to

will

1. 순수한 의미 예측 (그냥 아무 생각 없이)
   • It’ll be spring soon.
   • You can call me this evening. I’ll be at home.
   • Who do you think will win on Saturday?
   • I shall be rich one day.
2. 미래에 대한 의지 (intension)
   1. 말하는 순간 내리는 결정
      • A: The phone’s ringing.

      • B: I’ll answer it.

      • A. My bag is very heavy.
      • B: I’ll carry it for you.
   2. 요청
      • Will you open the door for me?
   3. 강한 의지나 의도
      • I’ll hit you if you do that again.
      • You’ll reget this.
      • I promise I won't smoke again.
      • I’ll buy you a computer for your birthday.
   4. “~할까요?”라는 제안 Shall I[we] ~?
      • Shall I open a window?
      • Shall we go for a swim?
      • Let’s go and see Ryan, Shall we?

단순현재

• 구체적인 일시가 이미 정해진 경우
  • What time does the bus arrive in Seoul?
  • I start my job next week.
  • Are you on duty next Monday?
  • The conect begins at 8.
  • The exhibition opens on November 1.
  • I’ll call you when he comes back.
  • I’ll meet you there if it rains tomorrow.

be going to

1. 순수한 의미 예측 (will과 달리 판단할 수 있는 근거가 있음)
   • (시계를 보며) What? It’s already 4 o’clock? I’m going to be late.
   • (배가 불룩한 임산부를 보며) She’s going to have a baby soon.
   • (한뜩 흐린 하늘을 보며) Look at the sky. It’s going to rain.
2. 미래에 대한 의지 (현재진행 형태도 사용 가능)
   • 현재 이미 결정이나 계획이 돼 있는 경우, 또는 어느 정도 미리 시작돼 있는 상태
     • 현재진행
       • A: What are you doing this evening?

       • B: I’m going to a party.

       • We’re going to Eruope this summer.
       • I’m seeing Ryan on Saturday.
     • be going to
       • We’re going to get a new car soon.
       • I’m going to keep asking her out until she says ‘yes’.

be to

• 고상하고 우아한 문체, 공식적인 발표, 신문에서 주로 사용됨
• 이미 예정 또는 계획된 일
  • The President is to visit Japan next month.

과거에서 본 미래

• Last time I saw you, you were going to start a new job. (be going to)
• I didn’t have much time to talk to Ryan because I was leaving for Germany in two hours. (현재진행)
• In 1967, I arrived in the town where I would spend the next ten years of my life. (will)
• I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. (be to)

미래를 표현하는 일반 동사들

• I hope to see you next month. (hope)
• Here’s what I’m planning to get. (plan)
• The movie is about to begin. (be about to)

미래진행

미래 한 시점에서 진행중인 상황

• This time tomorrow I’ll be flying to New York.
• Hurry Up! The guests will be arriving at any minute.

진행의 의미가 없을 수도 있음 (약한 의지 표현)

• I’ll see you tomorrow. (강한 의지)

• I’ll be seeing you one of these days. (약한 의지)

• Well, exactly when will you get the job done? (강한 의지)
• When will you be finishing it, sir? (약한 의지)
• How long will you stay? (permanent, 이사, 이민 등)
• How long will you be staying? (temporary, 입국 심사 등)

미래표현 vs. 미래완료

• 미래표현: 하염없이 미래로 날아가는 것
• 미래완료: 미래의 어느 한 시점까지라는 종착점이 있음
  • I’ll leave tomorrow. (미래표현, 앞으로 ~하겠다)
  • I’ll have left by tomorrow. (미래완료, 앞으로 어느 시점이 되면 ~하게 돼 있을 거다)

by 표현과 함께 주로 많이 사용

• By next Christmas we’ll have been here for ten years.
• By the time you read this, I’ll have left.

미래의 한 시점에서의 의미나 결과에 주안점을 두고 있는 상태 (종착점이 있음)

• I will read this book three times. (앞으로 ~하겠다)
• I will have read this book three times by next Wednesday. (앞으로 어느 시점이 되면 ~하게 돼 있을 거다)

미래완료는 동작이 언제 이루어지는가는 중요치 않고, 미래의 한 시점에서의 의미나 결과에 주안점을 두는 표현

• I will have read this book three times if I read it once more.

---

• Reference:
  • 오성호. (2006). Again! 뒤집어본 영문법. 김영사.