복합시제(과거완료)

현재 완료를 과거로 옮김

• 과거의 한 시점 이전 동작 + 과거의 의미
  • 현재완료: I am very excited because I have never been to a concert before.

  • 과거완료: I was very excited because I had never been to a concert before.

  • 현재완료: I am not hungry now. I have already eaten.
  • 과거완료: I was not hungry when I met you. I had already eaten.

전후 상황 표시

• 전후 상황을 보여주는 접속사들이 있을 때, 굳이 과거완료를 사용할 필요 없음
  • After I finished, I went home.

  • After I had finished, I went home.

  • As soon as I put the phone down, it rang again.
  • As soon as I had put the phone down, it rang again.
• 과거완료를 사용해야 하는 경우 (전후 관계가 모호한 경우)
  • The patient died when the doctor arrived.

  • The patient had died when the doctor arrived.

  • When Ryan arrived, Stephanie left.
  • When Ryan arrived, Stephanie had left.

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• Reference:
  • 오성호. (2006). Again! 뒤집어본 영문법. 김영사.